Living with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Introduction

In a world that often emphasizes physical appearance, people with BDD or Body Dysmorphic Disorder face unique struggles that extend far beyond mere appearances.

It often remains private due to the shame associated with the perceived flaws. This can be debilitating and warrants understanding and support.

This blog aims to shed light on the complexities of living with BDD, exploring its definition, symptoms, causes, psychological issues, mental health care, and strategies for overcoming this disorder.

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), or Body Dysmorphia, is a mental health condition characterized by obsessive thoughts and preoccupations with perceived flaws in physical appearance.

Having BDD often results in focusing intensely on minor or imagined imperfections, leading to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.

This disorder goes beyond mere dissatisfaction with one's appearance; it involves a distorted perception that can significantly impact the individual's overall well-being.

Who is susceptible to developing body dysmorphic disorder?

Body dysmorphic disorder can affect anybody but it is most prevalent among teenagers and young adults.

It impacts both men and women. However, the prevalence in women is slightly higher than in men (approximately 60% women versus 40% men).

It is estimated that BDD affects between 1.7% and 2.9% of the general population. 

However, the actual prevalence may be higher, as individuals with this condition often feel embarrassed or ashamed to disclose their symptoms. 

BDD is more commonly observed among individuals seeking various healthcare services, such as cosmetic surgery, dermatology, and mental health settings. 

For instance, the prevalence of BDD ranges from 11% to 20% in dermatology and cosmetic surgery settings, highlighting its impact on those seeking aesthetic treatments.

Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

BDD manifests through a range of symptoms that affect various aspects of an individual's life. Common signs include:

• Obsessive focus on perceived flaws, which may be minor or even nonexistent
• Excessive grooming, mirror-checking, or frequent cosmetic procedures
• Avoiding social situations or activities that draw attention to their appearance
• Seeking reassurance from others about appearance
• Despite receiving reassurance, they may remain unconvinced and continue to obsess over their perceived flaws
• Impaired daily functioning such as in work, school, and relationships.

Causes and Risk Factors of BDD

The exact causes of BDD remain elusive, but a combination of genetic, neurological, psychological, and environmental factors may contribute to its development.

While specific triggers may vary from person to person, several factors are believed to contribute to the development of BDD:

• Neurochemical imbalances, such as serotonin dysregulation have been implicated in the development of BDD
• A family history of mental health disorders, including BDD or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), maybe more susceptible
• A history of trauma or societal pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards may contribute to the development of this disorder
• A personal history of trauma or bullying, and societal influences that place undue emphasis on physical appearance
• Low self-esteem and a history of negative body image experiences may also play a role
• Certain personality traits, such as perfectionism and high levels of self-criticism, may increase the vulnerability to BDD

Psychological Impact of Living with BDD

Living with BDD can have profound psychological implications.

The constant preoccupation with perceived flaws may lead to anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal.

Relationships may be strained as individuals struggle to communicate their insecurities, leading to isolation and loneliness.

The relentless pursuit of physical perfection can also result in body dysmorphia-related delusions, further complicating the psychological landscape.

Mental Health Support for Living with BDD

If you think you are dealing with body dysmorphia, seek professional guidance to help you manage the condition.

Mental health professionals, such as psychologists and psychiatrists, can provide therapy and medication options tailored to your specific needs.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown efficacy in treating BDD by addressing distorted thought patterns and behaviors.

Medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms. Always consult with a doctor before taking any medications.

How to Overcome BDD?

Overcoming BDD is a gradual and individualized process that requires commitment, patience, and support.

Here are some strategies to help you navigate the challenges of living with BDD:

• Engage in regular therapy sessions, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It can help you modify negative thought patterns associated with your appearance.
• Medication may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms of anxiety or depression associated with BDD. It is essential to consult with a psychiatrist to determine the most appropriate medication.
• Join support groups or connect with others who have experienced similar challenges. Sharing experiences and coping strategies can be valuable in the recovery process.
• Practice mindfulness meditation and relaxation techniques to manage anxiety and stress related to your appearance concerns.
• Do gradual exposure to feared situations, such as social events or activities that trigger anxiety. This will desensitize your anxiety and build resilience over time

FAQs

Can BDD be cured?

While there is no definitive cure for BDD, individuals can learn to manage and reduce symptoms through a combination of therapy, medication, and support.

Early intervention and consistent treatment are key factors in improving the quality of life for individuals with BDD.

Is BDD only about physical appearance?

While BDD primarily involves preoccupations with physical appearance, it can also extend to concerns about specific body functions or parts. The common thread is the exaggerated focus on perceived flaws.

Can BDD coexist with other mental health conditions?

Yes, individuals with BDD may also experience comorbid conditions such as anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Addressing these coexisting conditions is essential for comprehensive treatment.

What is the difference between OCD and BDD?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involves intrusive thoughts leading to repetitive behaviors unrelated to appearance.

While Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) centers on obsessive concerns about perceived flaws in one's appearance, often leading to compulsive behaviors.

Unlike OCD, BDD primarily impacts self-image and daily functioning with a narrow focus on physical appearance.

What’s the difference between body dysmorphic disorder and body dysmorphia?

Both terms are often used interchangeably. While “body dysmorphic disorder” is the clinical term for the condition, “body dysmorphia” is commonly known.

​Conclusion

Living with Body Dysmorphic Disorder is a multifaceted experience that requires understanding, compassion, and comprehensive support.

Through increased awareness, destigmatization, and access to professional help, you can embark on a journey toward healing and self-acceptance.

Keep in mind that recovery is possible, and no one has to face this challenge alone.

References

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• Bjornsson AS, Didie ER, Phillips KA. Body dysmorphic disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2010;12(2):221-32. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2010.12.2/abjornsson.
• Brennan SN, Rossell SL, Rehm I, Thomas N, Castle DJ. A qualitative exploration of the lived experiences of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Oct 3;14:1214803. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1214803.
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• International OCD Foundation, Prevalence of BDD, Available at: https://bdd.iocdf.org/professionals/prevalence/. (Accessed: 19 December 2023)
• Mayo Clinic, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Available at :https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20353938 (Accessed: 19 December 2023)
• Cleveland Clinic, Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9888-body-dysmorphic-disorder, (Accessed: 19 December 2023)
• WebMD, What is Body Dysmorphia?, Available at: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-body-dysmorphic-disorder. (Accessed: 19 December 2023)