Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder

Introduction

When we think of separation anxiety, we think of a tearful child comforted as they leave for school for the first time. However, adults can also experience anxiety when they are separated from the people they care about. 

Separation anxiety commonly occurs during early childhood development, particularly in infants and toddlers. Typically, by the age of three, most children outgrow this phase. 

Yet, if these feelings persist into late childhood or adulthood, they may be categorized as symptoms of an anxiety disorder.

In this blog, we will explore what is Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD), including its symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, available treatments, and coping mechanisms.

Let’s Understand Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder

​Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD) is a psychological condition characterized by excessive worry, fear of abandonment, and physical discomfort when faced with the prospect of being separated from significant individuals, such as close family members or partners. 

Unlike the typical separation anxiety experienced in childhood, this disorder persists into adulthood and can significantly impact an individual's daily life and overall well-being.

It can lead to distress, impaired functioning, and strain on personal relationships, resulting in stress during periods of separation from significant others.

Prevalence

Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder has a lifetime prevalence of 6.6%, and the onset occurs in adulthood for 77.5% of individuals diagnosed with the condition.

While adult onset is certainly possible, it's important to note that most cases of this condition begin during childhood and continue into adulthood.

Symptoms of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder

The symptoms of ASAD can vary greatly from person to person, showcasing the uniqueness of each individual's experience. However, it's important to remember that these symptoms do not define you and that you have the strength to overcome them. Some common symptoms to be aware of include:

Excessive Worry: An exaggerated concern for the potential separation from others to whom one has formed strong emotional bonds.

Fear of Separation: Refusal to leave home, go to school, or work for fear of being separated

Physical Symptoms: ASAD sufferers may have panic attacks, nausea, dizziness, difficulty breathing, chest discomfort, and a sense of impending doom when separated from their belongings.

Nightmares and Sleep Disturbance: ASAD symptoms often include reoccurring nightmares of being abandoned or abandoned places.

Clinging Behavior: People with ASAD may constantly seek reassurance and physical closeness from attachment figures, exhibiting clingy behaviors.

Difficulty Functioning: ASAD can have a negative impact on a person's independence, work productivity, and quality of life.

Avoiding Social Situations: They may also be reluctant to engage in activities or go to places where they could be separated from their attachment figure, such as moving to a new school, starting a new job, going on a trip, or sleeping in a different bed. 

Differences between Separation Anxiety in Adults and Children

Separation anxiety, while present in both adults and children, exhibits distinct differences in its manifestation and root causes. 

In terms of developmental stage, children often experience separation anxiety as a natural part of infancy and toddlerhood, stemming from separation from primary caregivers. 

Conversely, separation anxiety in adults is less common and can arise from diverse sources such as trauma, relationship issues, or major life changes. 

The focus of attachment figures also differs, with children emphasizing caregivers and adults extending to significant others, friends, or environmental elements. 

Expressions of anxiety vary, with children exhibiting behaviors like crying and tantrums, while adults may display emotional distress and avoidance. 

Coping mechanisms differ as well, as children rely on caregivers for soothing, whereas adults employ a broader range of strategies such as therapy and communication skills. 

The causes of separation anxiety in children align with developmental growth, decreasing over time, whereas in adults, it can be triggered by various factors and may persist, necessitating therapeutic interventions.

Risk factors for Adult Separation Anxiety Disorders

Identifying risk factors associated with ASAD can help identify susceptible individuals. The exact cause is unknown, but contributing factors include

Insecure Attachment Issues: A higher risk of developing ASAD in adulthood is associated with a history of insecure or disturbed bonds in childhood.

Family History: People who have encountered traumatic experiences including loss, separation in family (particularly in parents), abandonment, or abuse, as well as those who have a history of separation anxiety disorder in childhood, are at a higher risk of developing ASAD.

Overprotective Parenting: Helicopter parenting, or overparenting, can have negative effects on a kid in several ways. These include stifling the child's independence and fostering feelings of reliance, separation anxiety, low self-esteem, and a lack of opportunities to develop positive social skills.

Traumatic Separations: Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder is triggered by emotional trauma, such as a loss, breakup, or separation.

Personality Traits: Increased susceptibility to ASAD has been linked to characteristics such as high neuroticism and an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.

Diagnosing Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder

Clinical Interviews: A therapist will conduct interviews to gain a deeper understanding of a person's symptoms, history, and current life circumstances, empowering them to explore their experiences and find the support they need.

Psychological Assessments: Assessment tools can accurately gauge the severity and impact of ASAD.

Dealing with Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder- Tips and Strategies

Separation anxiety is effectively addressed through various empowering methods, including therapy, medications, and lifestyle support.

Educate Yourself about ASAD: The more you learn about ASAD, the more empowered you'll be to confidently manage your symptoms.

Develop a Gradual Separation Plan: When you notice yourself hesitating to engage in situations or activities that require you to be apart from your attachment figures, creating a gradual separation plan can be helpful

Strengthen your Confidence: Once you gain confidence in accompanying someone to the store, challenge yourself to venture out alone for brief intervals. By taking this approach, you have the power to gradually strengthen your confidence and conquer your fear of separation.

Identify your Triggers: What are the things that usually ignite your strength and resilience in overcoming separation anxiety? Once you become aware of your triggers, you have the power to develop effective strategies for avoiding them or confidently coping with them when they arise.

Practice Relaxation Techniques: Embrace the power of relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation, to conquer anxiety and stress.

Challenge your Negative Thoughts: Commonly held beliefs of those suffering from ASAD include, "I can't handle being alone" and "I'm going to die if I'm separated from my loved one." Ask yourself if these ideas are practical and reasonable.

Seek Professional Help: If you're ready to take control of your anxiety and reclaim your daily life, consider seeking therapy.

Treatment Options for Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder

Thankfully, ASAD is a condition that can be treated, and there are numerous empowering therapeutic approaches available to effectively manage ASAD.

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is an incredibly powerful treatment for ASAD, as it focuses on empowering individuals to challenge and overcome negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to anxiety.

In addition to CBT, other treatments for ASAD may include:

Medications: Doctors may prescribe medications to help alleviate symptoms, especially when ASAD is present alongside other anxiety disorders.

Group Therapy: By joining support groups or engaging in group therapy, individuals with ASAD can cultivate a strong sense of community and validation. This empowering environment allows them to openly share their experiences and exchange valuable coping strategies.

Lifestyle Change: By embracing stress-reducing techniques like mindfulness, exercise, and a balanced diet, you have the power to effectively manage anxiety symptoms.

Couples or Family Therapy: In cases where ASAD is impacting relationships, seeking couple or family therapy can empower individuals to address the impact on both themselves and their loved ones.

FAQs

Is Separation Anxiety Disorder only a childhood condition?

While more common in kids, it can persist into adulthood, with symptoms varying based on situations like work or relationships.

When will separation anxiety go away?

Mild separation anxiety in youngsters may naturally fade with maturity, but persistent, disruptive, or worsening symptoms often necessitate professional intervention.

Can adults with ASAD lead a normal life after treatment?

Absolutely! Adults with ASAD can lead a fulfilling and empowered life after receiving treatment. With the right support, therapy, and self-care practices, individuals with ASAD can overcome their challenges and thrive in their personal and professional lives.

Can Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder improve without treatment?

In certain situations, individuals may find that mild ASAD symptoms have the potential to improve independently, while it is important to note that severe cases are less likely to resolve without intervention.

Conclusion

It's important to recognize that ASAD is a distinct diagnosis, separate from other anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety disorder. ASAD empowers individuals to confront and overcome fears and anxieties related to separation.

Seeking the assistance of a mental health expert is a powerful step towards taking control of your well-being.

If you or someone you know is experiencing ASAD symptoms, remember that there are effective interventions available to manage and treat this disorder. You have the strength to navigate this journey and find the support you need.

References

1. Separation anxiety in adults: Symptoms, treatment, and management. Available at https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322070 (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
   
2. Separation anxiety in adults: Dealing with unhealthy attachment issues. Available at https://thriveworks.com/help-with/anxiety/separation-anxiety-in-adults/ (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
3. Separation Anxiety in Adults: Symptoms, Treatment, and More. Available at https://www.healthline.com/health/separation-anxiety-in-adults (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
4. Bögels SM, Knappe S, Clark LA. Adult separation anxiety disorder in DSM-5. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Jul;33(5):663-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.006. Epub 2013 Apr 2. PMID: 23673209.
5. Separation anxiety disorder- symptoms and causes- Mayo Clinic. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/separation-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20377455 (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
6. Can Adults Experience Separation Anxiety? The Light Program. Available at https://thelightprogram.pyramidhealthcarepa.com/what-is-separation-anxiety-in-adults/ (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
7. How common is Separation Anxiety Disorder in adults? Experts offer insights. Available at https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/how-common-is-separation-anxiety-disorder-in-adults-experts-offer-insights-101658636859025.html (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
8. Cultural aspects of anxiety disorders in India-NCBI. Chandrashekhar CR., Reddy MV. Prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in India: a meta-analysis. Indian J Psychiatry. 1998;40:149–157. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] (Accessed: 29 October 2023)
9. Separation Anxiety in Adults, Available at https://www.anxietycanada.com/disorders/separation-anxiety-in-adults/  (Accesses: 20 October 2023)